La población de codorniz en España presenta buen estado de conservación
Enviado por Fundación Artemisan el 21-08-2023
La población de codorniz en España muestra un buen estado de conservación, lo que permite su aprovechamiento cinegético, como se desprende del informe del Proyecto Coturnix 2022 que acaba de hacerse público y que desvela un mayor éxito reproductor durante la última temporada respecto a las anteriores.
El Proyecto Coturnix es una iniciativa de ciencia ciudadana impulsada por Mutuasport, con la colaboración de Fundación Artemisan, la Real Federación Española de Caza y sus federaciones autonómicas, que busca realizar un seguimiento del estado de las poblaciones de codorniz en nuestro país y que cuenta con la colaboración de 5.000 cazadores de toda España.
Gracias a las 8.800 muestras biológicas analizadas que han aportado los colaboradores del proyecto durante la pasada temporada, se ha observado que la proporción de sexos en la especie es balanceada entre machos y hembras y que se han dado movimientos nomádicos de la codorniz durante el periodo reproductor, debido a las condiciones meteorológicas extremas y a la sequía generalizada, buscando zonas más frescas del sector norte".
A todo ello se suman los cerca de 800 censos de aves migratorias estivales realizados a través del Observatorio Cinegético, que han cubierto 591 cuadrículas UTM 10x10km de todo el país y los censos mediante métodos activos, con el uso de reclamos en más de 1.500 estaciones de escucha.
Grupos de Seguimiento Específico de Codorniz
Además, se han consolidado varios grupos de trabajo en todo el país para aplicar un método específico de seguimiento de la codorniz (SEC), ya que se ha comprobado que los métodos pasivos de monitorización, como por ejemplo el SACRE que desarrolla Seo BIrdlife, infravaloran el tamaño real de las poblaciones de especies como la codorniz, cuyo seguimiento es especialmente complicado por su carácter migratorio y por su complejo sistema socio-sexual.
Por el contrario, métodos activos como el de Coturnix, desarrollado por la Universidad de Barcelona y que consiste en una monitorización continua (cada 7 o 10 días) de una determinada zona mediante censo, captura y anillamiento de ejemplares desde el momento en que empiezan a escucharse las primeras codornices hasta que se produce la cosecha del cereal, incrementa la detección de la codorniz, lo que permite realizar estimaciones más precisas sobre el tamaño real de las poblaciones.
Anillas recuperadas
Un año más, la colaboración e implicación de los cazadores en el proyecto se ha demostrado esencial para mejorar el conocimiento sobre biología y ecología de la especie, no solo a través de la aportación de muestras y datos de capturas, sino también a través de la recuperación de anillas que contienen una información crucial para conocer los lugares de reproducción, las tasas de supervivencia y los desplazamientos de los individuos anillados.
Gracias a Coturnix se ha podido establecer una colaboración fluida entre cazadores, científicos y entidades de anillamiento oficiales en España, lo que ha favorecido el incremento en el número de codornices con anilla recuperadas en los últimos años, siendo España el país de mayor procedencia (68,03 %), seguido por Francia, Bélgica, Holanda, Italia y República Checa.
Precinto digital
Otra de las conclusiones del informe Coturnix 2022 es la posibilidad de implantar el precinto digital de caza para la codorniz, lo que permitiría recopilar los datos de captura de caza de manera más eficiente, ayudando a mejorar la monitorización de las capturas y agilizar la toma de decisiones por parte de la Administración.
Las entidades promotoras de Coturnix han agradecido a los más de 5.000 colaboradores su compromiso y han hecho un llamamiento a todos los cazadores españoles a participar en el proyecto más importante de monitorización de codorniz en España, ya que la información que están aportando es imprescindible para garantizar el futuro de la especie y su gestión cinegética sostenible.
Fotografía: José Manzano
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